Водяное отопление в частном: схемы для дач и коттеджей

Выбор лучшего отопления для частного дома. Газовое, водяное и другие

Насущным вопросом для владельцев загородных строений, дач, является вопрос лучшего отопления для частного дома. Зачастую тяжело определиться с вариантом отопления: электрическое, газовое, водяное, воздушное. Связано это с коэффициентом полезного действия, а также с тем, что более экономично и целесообразно устанавливать. Так же часто волнует вопрос какие приборы отопления выбрать: радиаторы, конвекторы, теплые полы или что-либо еще. Давайте разберемся в каждом вопросе подробно.

Газовое отопление дома

Одним из самых недорогих вариантов является газовое отопление, но при условии если к вашему земельному участку подведен газ. При газовом отоплении нет ни пыли, ни грязи с сажей. Газовый котел следует подбирать в зависимости от отапливаемой площади. Котлы бывают малой, средней и большой мощности. Газовые котлы оснащаются устройствами, обеспечивающими безопасность эксплуатации. Но всегда имеется опасность взрыва при неправильной эксплуатации, либо отравление газом.

Для жителей России газ является лучшим вариантом отопления частного дома в виду самой доступной цены. Немаловажным фактором при установке газового хозяйства является большое количество разрешающей документации.

Электрическое отопление

Преимущество электрического котла в простоте монтажа и небольшом количестве разрешающих документов. Данный котел практически не нуждается в профилактике. Электрическое отопление подойдёт для районов, где отсутствует возможность проведения природного газа.

Электрическое отопление экологически безопасный вид энергии. Оно может быть осуществлено при помощи инфракрасных обогревателей, с помощью электрических теплых полов, при помощи масляных обогревателей, электрических котлов разной конструкции. Для преобразования электрической энергии в тепловую, для домов частного типа, как правило, используют электрические конвекторы. Обычно это металлический корпус, в который монтируется нагревательный элемент, нагревающий воздух внутри корпуса.

Теплый нагретый воздух поднимаясь вверх обогревает помещение. Конвекторы снабжаются датчиком температуры. Данные приборы довольно дорогостоящие, а уровень потребления электроэнергии достаточно велик. При обогреве большой площади использовать их нецелесообразно. Система водяного отопления при помощи электротэнов не отличается от систем в которых используются котлы работающие на иных видах топлива.

Электричество будет являться лучшим отоплением частного дома, если дом небольшой, если у Вас есть ночные тарифы на электроэнергию, если нет газа и нет желания топить углем.

Воздушное отопление

Дом, где практикуется воздушное отопление, может похвастаться отсутствием конденсата на стеклах, влажных разводов на стенах и не пузырящимися обоями. Формирование вздутия на обоях происходит в результате образования конденсата из воздуха.

Благодаря равномерному нагреванию воздуха, воздушное отопление является лучшим вариантом отопления массивных помещений с большими внутренними объемами.

Водяное отопление плюсы и минусы

Устройства водяного отопления играют роль закрытой системы или же открытой. Система замкнутого цикла не требует потребления дополнительной воды. Такой вариант уменьшает число энергии, что расходуется на «отапливание улицы». Концепции водяного отопления не задерживают пылеобразование внутри и не разносят пыль в доме. Не стоит забывать, что разогрев дома с помощью водяных обогревателей — долгий процесс.

Почему водяное отопление — лучший вариант?

Любая система отопления имеет свой теплоноситель. Из всех рассмотренных наиболее рациональным для отопления частного дома является вода. Причина использования воды в качестве носителя обогрева — плавное и равномерное распределение тепла по обогреваемому помещению, а также простота в конструкции, надежность и стабильность эксплуатации.

Плюсы и минусы твердотопливных отопительных котлов

В твердотопливных котлах используется твердое топливо: топливные брикеты, пеллеты, дрова, уголь. Они имеют относительно низкую теплоотдачу. Для того, чтобы хорошо протопить дом обширной площади, необходимо затратить большое количество топлива и собственных усилий. В данной ситуации топливо будет сгорать довольно быстро за два или четыре часа.

На данный момент времени имеются котлы длительного горения. Топливо можно загружать в них два раза в сутки, а то и раз в 30 часов. Но и у данных котлов есть свои недостатки, например невысокий КПД(70%).

Также возникнет потребность во вспомогательных устройствах — это обустройство дополнительной тяги в некоторых случаях или теплоаккумулятора. Не стоит забывать и о положительных составляющих твердотопливных котлов. Они работают на всех видах твердого топлива и всем, что только может гореть. Добыть такое топливо не составляет труда за умеренную цену. Отопление на твердом топливе является лучшим там, куда не дошла цивилизация и подвод газа осуществится не скоро. И если еще плюс ко всему у Вас большой дом.

Чем лучше топить?

Мнений о том, чем топить дом, столько же, сколько и людей. Кто-то предпочитает топить электричеством, кто-то газом, а иная часть населения — углем. Рассмотрим каждый вариант.

Уголь используют на территориях, где не имеется газопровода или как резервный тип отопления. При сгорании уголь выделяет большое количество дыма, сажи. Он обладает низким уровнем влажности. Такое свойство обеспечивает выделение высокой температуры. В следствии использования угля, помещение сильно загрязняется, к тому же необходимо иметь место для хранения топлива. Необходимо периодически поддерживать процесс горения путем подброски новой партии угля в котел и производить очистку самого котла.

Электричество — затратная услуга по отоплению больших площадей. Оно может использоваться в маленьких комнатах и компактных помещениях. В наших регионах часто бывают перебои с электроэнергией, а потому, несмотря на разнообразие установок электроотопителей( от инфракрасных излучателей до бойлеров и электрокотлов), существует риск остаться не просто без света на неопределенный срок, но и в холодном доме.

Газ является самым лучшим и востребованным вариантом отопления частного дома, для всех типов площадей, домов, поскольку полностью прогревает пространство.

Радиаторы или водяные конвекторы что лучше?

Конвекторы основываются на принципе прогрева помещения посредством потока воздуха. Он нагревается проходя через корпус установки для отопления. В свою очередь радиаторы обогревают помещение излучая тепло с корпуса поверхности.

Большую популярность заслужили радиаторы. Их принцип работы можно сравнить с работой русской печи.

Конвекторы представляют собой нагревающиеся панели, они отапливают пространство с помощью движения холодных и теплых воздушных масс. В состав конвектора входит труба, в которой расположен теплоноситель. Труба обрамляется ребрами, пластинами которые подогревают окружающее пространство. Изготавливаются пластины зачастую из меди, либо стали. Конвекторы разделяются на внешние и встроенные. Первый тип конвекторов крепится на стену, второй может быть закреплен вдоль пола, либо стены. К конвекторам так же относятся теплые плинтусы. Данное устройство отличное решение для людей, которые не желают зависеть от систем государственного отопления.

Используются конвекторы в качестве дополнительного и основного отопления, особенно незаменимы в тех местах, где стандартные радиаторы не применяются. К примеру, встроенные конвекторы в пол, располагаются и вдоль раздвигающихся дверей, стеклянных стен.
Конвекторы намного быстрее обогревают комнату и быстрее остывают. Приборы долговечны в эксплуатации.

Если в отоплении частного дома для Вас лучше, когда помещение прогревается быстрее и более равномерно, то ставьте конвекторы. Самые распространенные варианты – это стальные радиаторы (60% конвекции) или медно-алюминиевые (90% конвекции). Если эти пункты не важны, то ставьте обычные радиаторы.

Водяные теплые полы

Водяные полы гарантируют комфортное пребывание в помещении. Пол с водяным подогревом — достаточно непростая конструкция, но рентабельная за счет удобства и уюта. Монтаж такого сооружения влетает в копеечку, но популярен из-за незначительных счетов при эксплуатации. Под напольное покрытие прокладываются трубы, а по ним циркулирует подогретая вода. Для правильной циркуляции требуется насос. Вариант обогрева очень хорошо подойдет для загородных домов большой площади в которых не подключено центральное отопление. В данной ситуации покупка и монтаж водяного пола обойдется дешевле, нежели приобретение и установка электрической системы отопления (за счет цен на электричество).

Какое радиаторное отопление лучше?

Существует множество радиаторных систем отопления частного дома. Условного разделить их можно по следующим критериям:

С естественной циркуляцией

• Однотрубная система
• Система Паук
• Ленинградка
• Московская

С принудительной циркуляцией

• Однотрубная
• Двухтрубная (тройниковая)
• Лучевая

Самотечные системы по всем параметрам уступают принудительным в отоплении дома. Их стоит рассматривать только тогда, когда есть серьезные проблемы со светом. В остальных случаях выбирайте двухтрубную, либо лучевую радиаторную систему. Эти системы легко балансировать и они более равномерно распределяют тепло по приборам отопления.

Какие выбрать теплые полы?

Теплых полов существует два вида:

• Электрические
• Водяные

Электрические стоит использовать в том случае, если надо покрыть небольшие площади. В остальных случаях обратите внимание на отопление частного дома водяными полами.

В перспективе именно водяными полами отапливаться будет дешевле, так как вы не будете зависеть от электричества и всегда сможете поменять источник нагрева теплоносителя.

Какое отопление для частного дома в итоге выбрать?

Большинство застройщиков в качестве отопления дома выбирают водяные системы отопления. Это либо радиаторы, либо водяные теплые полы.

Выбирать лучшую систему между ними довольно сложно. Обе системы идеально справляются со своей задачей.

Если вы хотите, чтобы приборы отопления не занимали у вас лишнюю площадь, тогда останавливайте свой выбор на отоплении теплым полом. Эта система более равномерно распределит тепло по помещению.

Если теплый пол вам не нравится или не проходит по теплопотерям, то можно смонтировать двухтрубную или лучевую радиаторные системы. Лучевая обходиться немного дороже двухтрубной, но при этом она и совершеннее.

В любом случае, вопрос выбора отопления для дома – это индивидуальные предпочтения каждого человека.

Детальное сравнение теплого пола с радиаторами вы можете посмотреть в нашем видео:

Читайте так же: 90000 Private Water Wells — InterNACHI® 90001 90002 Dug wells are holes in the ground dug by shovel or backhoe. Historically, a dug well was excavated below the ground water table until incoming water exceeded the digger’s bailing rate. The well was then lined (cased) with stones, brick, tile, or other material to prevent collapse. It was covered with a cap of wood, stone or concrete. Since it is so difficult to dig beneath the ground water table, dug wells are not very deep. Typically, they are only 10 to 30 feet deep.Being so shallow, dug wells have the highest risk of becoming contaminated.To minimize the likelihood of contamination, your dug well should have certain features. 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Test private water supplies annually for nitrate and coliform bacteria to detect contamination problems early. Test them more frequently if you suspect a problem.Be aware of activities in your watershed that may affect the water quality of your well, especially if you live in an unsewered area. 90004 90002 90022 90023 90004 90002 90022 Human Health 90023 90004 90075 90076 90077 90078 90002 The first step to protect your health and the health of your family is learning about what may pollute your source of drinking water. Potential contamination may occur naturally, or as a result of human activity. 90004 90002 90022 What are some naturally occurring sources of pollution? 90023 90004 90007 90008 90022 microorganisms 90023: Bacteria, viruses, parasites and other microorganisms are sometimes found in water.Shallow wells — those with water close to ground level — are at most risk. Runoff, or water flowing over the land surface, may pick up these pollutants from wildlife and soils. 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Although soil is the primary source, using household water containing radon contributes to elevated indoor radon levels.Radon is less dangerous when consumed in water, but remains a risk to health. 90009 90008 90022 nitrates and nitrites 90023: Although high nitrate levels are usually due to human activities (see below), they may be found naturally in ground water. They come from the breakdown of nitrogen compounds in the soil. Flowing ground water picks them up from the soil. Drinking large amounts of nitrates and nitrites is particularly threatening to infants (for example, when mixed in formula). 90009 90008 90022 heavy metals 90023: Underground rocks and soils may contain arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and selenium.However, these contaminants are not often found in household wells at dangerous levels from natural sources. 90009 90008 90022 fluoride 90023: Fluoride is helpful in dental health, so many water systems add small amounts to drinking water. However, excessive consumption of naturally occurring fluoride can damage bone tissue. High levels of fluoride occur naturally in some areas. It may discolor teeth, but this is not a health risk. 90009 90016 90005 What human activities can pollute ground water? 90006 90007 90008 90117 90076 90077 90120 90121 90076 90077 90124 90125 90126 90127 90128 90077 90124 90002 Septic tanks are designed to have a leach field around them, which is an area where wastewater flows out of the tank.This wastewater can also move into the ground water. 90004 90127 90128 90135 90136 90127 90128 90135 90136 90022 bacteria and nitrates 90023: These pollutants are found in human and animal wastes. Septic tanks can cause bacterial and nitrate pollution. So can large numbers of farm animals. Both septic systems and animal manure must be carefully managed to prevent pollution. Sanitary landfills and garbage dumps are also sources. Children and some adults are at higher risk when exposed to waterborne bacteria.These include the elderly and people whose immune systems are weak due to AIDS or treatments for cancer. Fertilizers can add to nitrate problems. Nitrates cause a health threat in very young infants called «blue baby syndrome.» This condition disrupts oxygen flow in the blood. 90009 90008 90022 concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) 90023: The number of CAFOs, often called «factory farms,» ​​is growing. On these farms, thousands of animals are raised in a small space. The large amounts of animal waste / manure from these farms can threaten water supplies.Strict and careful manure management is needed to prevent pathogen and nutrient problems. Salts from high levels of manure can also pollute ground water. 90009 90008 90022 heavy metals 90023: Activities such as mining and construction can release large amounts of heavy metals into nearby ground water sources. Some older fruit orchards may contain high levels of arsenic, once used as a pesticide. At high levels, these metals pose a health risk. 90009 90008 90022 fertilizers and pesticides 90023: Farmers use fertilizers and pesticides to promote growth and reduce insect damage.These products are also used on golf courses and suburban lawns and gardens. The chemicals in these products may end up in ground water. Such pollution depends on the types and amounts of chemicals used and how they are applied. Local environmental conditions (soil types, seasonal snow and rainfall) also affect this pollution. Many fertilizers contain forms of nitrogen that can break down into harmful nitrates. This could add to other sources of nitrates mentioned above. Some underground agricultural drainage systems collect fertilizers and pesticides.This polluted water can pose problems to ground water and local streams and rivers. In addition, chemicals used to treat buildings and homes for termites and other pests may also pose a threat. Again, the possibility of problems depends on the amount and kind of chemicals. The types of soil and the amount of water moving through the soil also play a role. 90009 90008 90022 industrial products and waste 90023: Many harmful chemicals are used widely in local business and industry. These can pollute drinking water if not well-managed.The most common sources of such problems are: 90007 90008 90022 local businesses 90023: These include nearby factories, industrial plants, and even small businesses such as gas stations and dry cleaners. All handle a variety of hazardous chemicals that need careful management. Spills and improper disposal of these chemicals and other industrial wastes can threaten ground water supplies. 90009 90008 90022 leaking underground tanks and piping 90023: Petroleum products, chemicals and waste stored in underground storage tanks and pipes may end up in the ground water.Tanks and piping leak if they are constructed or installed improperly. Steel tanks and piping corrode with age. Tanks are often found on farms. The possibility of leaking tanks is great on old, abandoned farm sites. Farm tanks are exempt from the EPA rules for petroleum and chemical tanks. 90009 90008 90022 landfills and waste dumps 90023: Modern landfills are designed to contain any leaking liquids. But floods can carry them over the barriers. Older dumpsites may have a wide variety of pollutants that can seep into ground water.90009 90016 90009 90008 90022 household waste 90023: Improper disposal of many common products can pollute ground water. These include cleaning solvents, used motor oil, paints, and paint thinners. Even soaps and detergents can harm drinking water. These are often a problem from faulty septic tanks and septic leaching fields. 90009 90008 90022 lead and copper 90023: Household plumbing materials are the most common source of lead and copper found in home drinking water. Corrosive water may cause metals in pipes or soldered joints to leach into your tap water.Your water’s acidity or alkalinity (often measured as pH) greatly affects corrosion. Temperature and mineral content also affect how corrosive it is. They are often used in pipes, solder and plumbing fixtures. Lead can cause serious damage to the brain, kidneys, nervous system, and red blood cells. The age of plumbing materials — in particular, copper pipes soldered with lead — is also important. Even in relatively low amounts, these metals can be harmful. The EPA rules under the Safe Drinking Water Act limit lead in drinking water to 15 parts per billion.Since 1988, the Act allows only lead-free pipe, solder and flux in drinking water systems. The law covers both new installations and repairs of plumbing. 90009 90016 90127 90128 90135 90136 90022 What You Can Do … 90023 90075 90076 90077 90078 90002 Private, individual wells are the responsibility of the homeowner. To help protect your well, here are some steps you can take: 90004 90002 Have your water tested periodically. It is recommended that water be tested every year for total coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids, and pH levels.If you suspect other contaminants, test for those. Always use a state-certified laboratory that conducts drinking water tests. Since these can be expensive, spend some time identifying potential problems. Consult your InterNACHI inspector for information about how to go about water testing. 90004 90197 90076 90077 90124 90002 90022 Testing more than once a year may be warranted in special situations if: 90023 90004 90007 90008 someone in your household is pregnant or nursing; 90009 90008 there are unexplained illnesses in the family; 90009 90008 your neighbors find a dangerous contaminant in their water; 90009 90008 you note a change in your water’s taste, odor, color or clarity; 90009 90008 there is a spill of chemicals or fuels into or near your well; or 90009 90008 you replace or repair any part of your well system.90009 90016 90127 90128 90135 90136 90126 Identify potential problems as the first step to safe-guarding your drinking water. The best way to start is to consult a local expert — someone who knows your area, such as the local health department, agricultural extension agent, a nearby public water system, or a geologist at a local university. 90002 Be aware of your surroundings. As you drive around your community, take note of new construction. Check the local newspaper for articles about new construction in your area.90004 Check the paper or call your local planning and zoning commission for announcements about hearings or zoning appeals on development or industrial projects that could possibly affect your water. 90002 Attend these hearings, ask questions about how your water source is being protected, and do not be satisfied with general answers. Ask questions, such as: «If you build this landfill, what will you do to ensure that my water will be protected?» See how quickly they answer and provide specifics about what plans have been made to specifically address that issue.90004 90005 Identify Potential Problem Sources 90006 90002 To start your search for potential problems, begin close to home. Do a survey around your well to discover: 90004 90007 90008 Is there livestock nearby? 90009 90008 Are pesticides being used on nearby agricultural crops or nurseries? 90009 90008 Do you use lawn fertilizers near the well? 90009 90008 Is your well downstream from your own or a neighbor’s septic system? 90009 90008 Is your well located near a road that is frequently salted or sprayed with de-icers during winter months? 90009 90008 Do you or your neighbors dispose of household waste or used motor oil in the backyard, even in small amounts? 90009 90016 90002 If any of these items apply, it may be best to have your water tested and talk to your local public health department or agricultural extension agent to find ways to change some of the practices which can affect your private well.90004 90127 90128 90135 90136 In addition to the immediate area around your well, you should be aware of other possible sources of contamination that may already be part of your community or may be moving into your area. Attend any local planning or appeals hearings to find out more about the construction of facilities that may pollute your drinking water. Ask to see the environmental impact statement on the project. See if the issue of underground drinking water sources has been addressed.If not, ask why. 90252 Common Sources of Ground Water Contamination 90006 90197 90076 90256 90124 90022 Category 90023 90127 90124 90022 Contaminant Source 90023 90127 90128 90256 90124 90022 Agricultural 90023 90127 90271 90128 90256 90124 90022 Commercial 90023 90127 90124 90007 90008 90002 airports 90004 90009 90008 90002 jewelry / metal plating 90004 90009 90008 90002 auto repair shops 90004 90009 90008 90002 laundromats 90004 90009 90008 90002 boat yards 90004 90009 90008 90002 medical institutions 90004 90009 90008 90002 car washes 90004 90009 90008 90002 paint shops 90004 90009 90008 90002 construction areas 90004 90009 90008 90002 photography establishments 90004 90009 90008 90002 cemeteries 90004 90009 90008 90002 process waste-water drainage 90004 90009 90008 90002 dry cleaners fields / wells 90004 90009 90008 90002 gas stations 90004 90009 90008 90002 railroad tracks and yards 90004 90009 90008 90002 golf courses 90004 90009 90008 90002 research laboratories 90004 90009 90008 90002 scrap and junkyards 90004 90009 90008 90002 storage tanks 90004 90009 90016 90127 90128 90256 90124 90022 Industrial 90023 90127 90124 90007 90008 asphalt plants 90009 90008 petroleum production / storage 90009 90008 chemical manufacture / storage 90009 90008 pipelines 90009 90008 electronic manufacture 90009 90008 process waste-water drainage 90009 90008 electroplaters fields / wells 90009 90008 foundries / metal fabricators 90009 90008 septage lagoons and sludge 90009 90008 machine / metalworking shops 90009 90008 storage tanks 90009 90008 mining and mine drainage 90009 90008 toxic and hazardous spills 90009 90008 wood-preserving facilities 90009 90016 90127 90128 90256 90124 90022 Residential 90023 90127 90124 90007 90008 90002 fuel oil 90004 90009 90008 90002 septic systems, cesspools 90004 90009 90008 90002 furniture stripping / refinishing 90004 90009 90008 90002 sewer lines 90 004 90009 90008 90002 household hazardous products 90004 90009 90008 90002 swimming pools (chemicals) 90004 90009 90008 90002 household lawns 90004 90009 90016 90127 90128 90256 90124 90022 Other 90023 90127 90124 90007 90008 hazardous waste landfills 90009 90008 recycling / reduction facilities 90009 90008 municipal incinerators 90009 90008 road de-icing operations 90009 90008 municipal landfills 90009 90008 road maintenance depots 90009 90008 municipal sewer lines 90009 90008 Storm water drains / basins / wells 90009 90008 open burning sites 90009 90008 transfer stations 90009 90016 90127 90128 90135 90136 90002 90004 90469 90002 90004 .90000 Protect Your Home’s Water | Private Drinking Water Wells 90001 90002 90003 On this page: 90004 90005 90006 90007 Testing wells to safeguard your water 90008 90009 Testing frequency 90010 90002 Test your private well annually for total coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids, and pH levels. If you suspect the presence of other contaminants, you should test for those also. You can also contact your local health department to find out what substances may be common in your area’s groundwater.90005 90002 You may want to test more frequently if small children or elderly adults live in your house or if someone in your house is pregnant or nursing. These segments of the population are often more vulnerable to pollutants than others. 90005 90002 You should also test your private well immediately if: 90005 90017 90018 There are known problems with gound water or drinking water in your area 90019 90018 Conditions near your well have changed significantly (i.e. flooding, land disturbances, and new construction or industrial activity) 90019 90018 You replace or repair any part of your well system.90019 90018 You notice a change in your water quality (i.e. odor, color, taste). 90019 90026 90002 In addition, well owners should also determine if the ground water you rely on for household use is under direct influence from surface water. Ground water under the direct influence of surface water is susceptible to contamination from activities on the surface. Direct influence is determined on a site by site basis under state program criteria. To find a state agency to contact, please click here.90005 90009 Identifying reasons to test your water 90010 90002 The chart below lists common conditions or nearby activities that well owners should be aware of and the substance (s) that you should consider testing for to ensure your well is safe. Not all of the substances listed pose an immediate or long term health problem, some impact quality of life only such as appearance, taste, and odor. 90005 90033 90034 90035 90036 90003 Conditions or Nearby Activities: 90004 90039 90036 90003 Test for: 90004 90039 90044 90045 90046 90035 90048 Recurring gastro-intestinal illness 90049 90048 Coliform bacteria 90049 90044 90035 90048 Household plumbing or service lines that contain lead 90049 90048 pH, lead, copper 90049 90044 90035 90048 Radon in indoor air or region is radon rich 90049 90048 Radon 90049 90044 90035 90048 Corrosion of pipes, plumbing 90049 90048 Corrosion, pH, lead 90049 90044 90035 90048 Nearby areas of intensive agriculture 90049 90048 Nitrate, nitrite, pesticides, coliform bacteria 90049 90044 90035 90048 Coal or other mining operations nearby 90049 90048 Metals, pH, corrosion 90049 90044 90035 90048 Gas drilling operations nearby 90049 90048 Chloride, sodium, barium, strontium 90049 90044 90035 90048 Dump, junkyard, landfill, factory, gas station or dry-cleaning operation nearby 90049 90048 Volatile organic compounds, total dissolved solids, pH, sulfate, chloride, metals 90049 90044 90035 90048 Odor of gasoline or fuel oil, and near gas station or buried fuel tanks 90049 90048 Volatile organic compounds 90049 90044 90035 90048 Objectionable taste or smell 90049 90048 Hydrogen sulfide, corrosion, metals 90049 90044 90035 90048 Stained plumbing fixtures, laundry 90049 90048 Iron, copper, manganese 90049 90044 90035 90048 Salty taste and seawater, or a heavily salted roadway nearby 90049 90048 Chloride, total dissolved solids, sodium 90049 90044 90035 90048 Scaly residues, soaps do not lather 90049 90048 Hardness 90049 90044 90035 90048 Rapid wear of water treatment equipment 90049 90048 pH, corrosion 90049 90044 90035 90048 Water softener needed to treat hardness 90049 90048 Manganese, iron 90049 90044 90035 90048 Water appears cloudy, frothy or colored 90049 90048 Color, detergents 90049 90044 90143 90144 90009 Where to test your water 90010 90002 Only use laboratories that are certified to do drinking water testing.To find a certified laboratory in your state, you can contact: 90005 90009 Test results 90010 90002 Your water test results should include the concentration of the substances you tested for. It may also include whether the substance concentration exceeds a national primary or secondary drinking water standard. In case your test results are not compared to EPA’s national health standards, they are provided for your reference: 90005 90009 Treatment 90010 90002 If a contaminant is found to exceed health standards in your sample, contact your public health department for specific steps to follow and have your well re-tested to confirm the contaminant’s presence and concentrations.Some problems can be handled quickly. For example, high bacteria concentrations can sometimes be controlled by adding disinfection to a well, such as: chlorine, ozone, ultra-violet light, and electronic radiation. More specific information can be found in the Center for Disease Control’s guide to drinking water treatments for household use. 90005 90002 On-site treatment processes like disinfection, distillation, and filtration may remove the contaminants found in your well water. However, depending on the contaminant, its concentration, and the condition of the well, you may need a new source of water or to drill a new well.90005 90002 Top of Page 90005 90006 90007 Prevent water well pollution 90008 90002 Protect your water supply by carefully managing activities near the water source. For households using a domestic well, this includes keeping contaminants away from sinkholes and the well itself. Keep hazardous chemicals out of septic systems. 90005 90017 90018 Slope the area around the well to drain surface runoff away from the well. 90019 90018 Install a well cap or sanitary seal to prevent unauthorized use of, or entry into, the well.90019 90018 Keep accurate records of well maintenance, such as disinfection or sediment removal, that may require the use of chemicals in the well. 90019 90018 Hire a certified well driller for any new well construction, modification, or abandonment and closure. 90019 90018 Avoid mixing or using pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, degreasers, fuels, and other pollutants near the well. 90019 90018 Do not dispose of wastes in dry wells or in abandoned wells. 90019 90018 Do not cut off the well casing below the land surface.90019 90018 Pump and inspect septic systems as often as recommended by your local health department. 90019 90018 Never dispose of harsh chemicals, solvents, petroleum products, or pesticides in a septic system or dry well. 90019 90018 Periodically inspect exposed parts of the well for problems such as: 90017 90018 Cracked, corroded or damaged well casing 90019 90018 Broken or missing well cap 90019 90018 Settling and cracking of surface seals 90019 90026 90019 90018 Regularly check the integrity of any above ground and underground storage tanks that hold home heating oil, diesel, or gasoline on your property 90019 90018 Check with your local health department or environmental agency to ensure activities and industry on or near your property are set a safe distance from your well.90019 90026 90002 Top of Page 90005 90006 90007 Identify potential sources of contamination in your community 90008 90002 In addition to the area near your drinking water well, you should be aware of other possible sources of contamination that may already be present in your community or may be moving into the area. 90005 90002 Consult a local expert to find out the physical and chemical properties of the groundwater you rely on and the presence of any potential drinking water contaminants.Such experts may include, but are not limited to: 90005 90017 90018 Local health department officials 90019 90018 State environmental agency officials 90019 90018 Agricultural extension agents 90019 90018 Nearby public water system officials 90019 90018 Local professional geologists and civil engineers 90019 90026 90002 Find out about existing and proposed facilities that may pollute your drinking water. Check the local paper for announcements or call your planning or zoning commission to find hearings or zoning appeals on development, construction or industrial projects.Attend these hearings, planning meetings, or zoning appeals. Ask questions to ensure your drinking water will be protected during construction and operation of a facility. Make sure the project has plans for managing storm water and any wastewater it might produce. Request the project’s environmental impact statement to confirm it includes a review of drinking water sources. 90005 90002 Top of Page 90005 90006 90007 Protect your water after a natural disaster or emergency 90008 90002 Flooding, earth quakes, landslides, and other natural disasters can impact the safety of your drinking water by allowing contaminants to enter your private well system.If you suspect your drinking water well may be contaminated after a flood or another natural disaster, contact your local or state health department or environmental agency for advice on inspecting and testing your well. If possible, use a contractor with experience in servicing drinking water wells to inspect and test your well. 90005 90009 Water well flood response steps 90010 90017 90018 Stay away from the well pump while flooded to avoid electric shock. 90019 90018 Do not drink or wash from the flooded well to avoid becoming sick.90019 90018 Get assistance from a well or pump contractor to clean and disinfect your well before turning on the pump. 90019 90018 After the pump is turned back on, pump the well until the water runs clear to rid the well of flood water. 90019 90018 If the water does not run clear, get advice from the county or state health department or extension service. 90019 90026 90002 EPA provides more specific steps for well owners to follow in its short guide «What to do After the Flood». 90005 90009 Water well natural disaster and emergency response 90010 90002 Flooding is a common cause of private well contamination.However, there are other emergencies which can impact well water safety. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has a website dedicated to preparing for, responding to, and surviving natural disasters and severe weather. 90005 90002 Helpful CDC pages for well owners: 90005 90002 Top of Page 90005 90002 90005 90002 90005 .90000 Copper and Drinking Water from Private Wells | Wells | Private Water Systems | Drinking Water | Healthy Water 90001 90002 What is copper? 90003 90004 Copper is a metal that occurs naturally in rock, soil, plants, animals, and water. Since copper is easily shaped or molded, it is commonly used to make electrical wiring, and household plumbing materials. Copper may be combined with other metals to make brass and bronze pipes and faucets. Copper compounds are also used as agricultural pesticides and to control algae in lakes and reservoirs.All living organisms including humans need copper to survive; therefore, a trace amount of copper in our diet is necessary for good health. However, some forms of copper or excess amounts can also cause health problems. 90005 90004 For more information about copper illnesses and treatment, please visit CDC-ATSDR’s copper page. 90007 90005 90002 Where and how does copper get into drinking water? 90003 90004 The level of copper in surface and groundwater is generally very low. High levels of copper may get into the environment through mining, farming, manufacturing operations, and municipal or industrial wastewater releases into rivers and lakes.Copper can get into drinking water either by directly contaminating well water or through corrosion of copper pipes if your water is acidic. Corrosion of pipes is by far the greatest cause for concern. 90005 90002 How can I find out whether there is copper in my drinking water? 90003 90004 If you suspect a problem and your drinking water comes from a private well, you may contact your state certification officerExternal for a list of laboratories in your area that will perform tests on drinking water for a fee.90005 90002 How do I remove copper from my drinking water? 90003 90004 Heating or boiling your water will not remove copper. Because some of the water evaporates during the boiling process, the copper concentrations can actually increase slightly as the water is boiled. Additionally, chlorine (bleach) disinfection will not remove copper. 90005 90004 If the copper in your drinking water is not from the groundwater but from your plumbing, flushing the water system before using the water for drinking or cooking is a practical option.Any time a faucet has not been used for several hours (approximately 6 or more), you can flush the system by running the water for at least 15 seconds first thing in the morning before drinking or using it. Flush each faucet individually before using the water for drinking or cooking. Water flushed from the tap can be used for watering plants, washing dishes or clothing, or cleaning. Avoid cooking with or drinking water from hot water taps, because hot water dissolves copper more readily than cold water does.90005 90004 You may also wish to consider water treatment methods such as reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, distillation, or ion exchange. Typically these methods are used to treat water at only one faucet. Contact your local health department for recommended procedures. If you want to know more about these and other treatment options, please contact NSF InternationalExternal, an organization that focuses on public health and safety through standards development, product certification, education, and risk management.Remember to have your well water tested regularly, at least once a year, to make sure the problem is controlled. 90005 .90000 Design of Hot Water Heating Systems 90001 90002 Gravity Circulating Heating System 90003 90004 In a hot water gravity heating system the circulation of water is a result of the density difference between hot water in the supply lines and cold water in the return lines. 90005 90004 90007 90005 90004 The hot water tends to flow upwards and cold water tends to flow downwards. The elevation of the supply and return lines are therefore important for proper functionality. 90005 90004 The low differential pressure in the gravity system requires increased pipes and valves dimensions.The gravity system has a relative low heating capacity due to low medium temperature in heating elements. 90005 90004 The gravity system is simple and limited to use in smaller hot water heating systems. 90005 90004 With a reversed return pipe the length of the supply and return pipes for all heating elements are more or less the same. This makes it easier to select proper piping dimension for balanced flow. 90005 90004 The expansion of water (4.7% from 0 90018 o 90019 C to 100 90018 o 90019 C) can be collected in an open expansion tank above the rest of the system or inside a closed pressurized tank close to the boiler and safety valves.In modern systems closed tanks are preferred. 90005 90002 Forced Circulation Heating System 90003 90004 In forced systems the circulation is forced by pumps. 90005 90004 90028 90005 90004 Water is circulated by the pump regardless of temperature forces between hot and cold water. It is not necessary to be careful with piping elevations. Pipes, valves and heating elements, radiators and air heaters, can be downsized because of higher flow and higher mean temperatures. 90005 90004 Forced circulation systems are in general the only practical alternative for larger systems.90005.