Ремонт плоских крыш в многоэтажном доме: Ремонт плоской кровли, технологии работ при капитальной замене зимой

Что не так с плоской кровлей или почему последний не предлагать

Фраза «Первый и последний не предлагать» закрепилась в объявлениях о недвижимости еще с советских времен. С первым этажом все ясно — шум, выхлопы, тень, любопытные взгляды, иногда даже сырость и насекомые из подвалов. Но чем не угодил последний этаж? Ответ очевиден — кровлей или, если точнее, плохо отремонтированной кровлей

Массовое строительство в СССР началось вскоре после войны. Градостроители и архитекторы искали такие форматы массового жилья, которые позволили бы строить много, быстро и экономично. Звучит как утопия, но решение нашлось достаточно быстро — «хрущевки» — пятиэтажные дома без лифтов и с плоскими крышами. Они имели массу недостатков, но преимуществ было гораздо больше. Особенно с точки зрения государства, стремящегося переселить в квартиры большую часть населения страны. 

Почему плоские кровли МКД протекают и промерзают

Плоские кровли хрущевок оказались слабым местом советских новостроек — это стало очевидно в первую же зиму. Они протекали, промерзали, постоянно требовали ремонта, но отказаться от них было невозможно — скатные крыши значительно замедляли строительство и усложняли обслуживание. Но было ли это решение принципиально неверным? Нет, скорее спешка при строительстве стала причиной плохой репутации плоских кровель. В погоне за выполнением плана строители пренебрегали качеством и соблюдением элементарных норм и правил, что, в случае с плоскими кровлями, приводило к тем самым негативным последствиям — протечкам, промерзаниям и сырости. 

Советского союза давно нет, а хрущевки стоят до сих пор. И не просто стоят — во многих городах они составляют основу жилого фонда. Их кровли много раз перекрыты, но нередко они все также протекают и промерзают. Даже несмотря на то, что доступны совершенно новые материалы, а технология монтажа и обслуживания мягких кровель детально проработана и доступна. Так может быть все-таки дело в том, что плоские кровли не подходят для нашего климата, а советские архитекторы ошиблись? Нет, главная проблема все также в халатном отношении к ремонту и пренебрежении элементарными знаниями и правилами. 

Плоскую кровлю обычной хрущевки можно сделать теплой и герметичной даже сегодня, спустя десятилетия после ее строительства. Главное — спроектировать, рассчитать и смонтировать правильный кровельный пирог, строго следуя технологии его укладки. Начнем с главного — конструкции кровельного пирога. 

Устройство кровельного пирога плоской крыши МКД

Правильно спроектированная плоская крыша многоквартирного дома имеет следующую структуру (снизу вверх): 

Несущая конструкция — железобетонное перекрытие здания. Обычно это верхние железобетонные плиты технического этажа. Несущее основание может иметь конструктивный уклон, предусмотренный проектом, но не всегда. Если уклона нет, его образуют специальным слоем. 

Пароизоляция — препятствует проникновению влаги из помещений жилого дома в конструктивные слои плоской кровли. Если пароизоляция повреждена или неправильно смонтирована, то насыщенный влагой воздух попадает в теплоизоляцию, конденсируется, замерзает и снижает теплоизолирующую способность крыши. В качестве пароизоляции используют специальные стеклоткани и битумно-полимерные материалы. 

Теплоизоляция — в качестве утеплителя для плоских кровель используют экструзионный полистирол или каменную вату. Предпочтение отдают негорючим материалам, если же используется неогнестойкий утеплитель, то для наплавления рулонного кровельного покрытия не используют горелки, только строительные фены. 

Уклонообразующий слой — необходим для отвода воды по наружным и внутренним водостокам. Уклон неэксплуатируемой плоской кровли МКД должен составлять не менее 1,5%. Если несущее основание крыши не имеет уклона, его формируют с помощью засыпных утеплителей (керамзит, перлит), легких бетонных смесей (пенобетон, керамзитобетон), цементно-песчаных смесей или клиновидных плит. 

Основание под кровельный ковер — представляет собой армированную цементно-песчаную стяжку с покрытием битумным праймером. Рекомендуется между уклонообразующим слоем и основанием под кровельный ковер проложить разделительный слой из рубероида или пергамина, а в самой цементно-песчаной стяжке устроить температурные швы. 

Кровельный ковер в два слоя — состоит из нижнего и верхнего слоев кровли, выполненных из рулонных наплавляемых материалов, а также дополнительных элементов — водоприемных воронок, коньков, вентиляционных шахт, ендовы и т.д. Перед укладкой нижнего слоя кровельного ковра в местах примыкания его к вертикальным конструкциям укладывают слои усиления. Укладку рулонных материалов начинают с пониженных участков, с нахлестом 80-100 мм. Верхний слой укладывают, соблюдая те же правила. Перекрестная наклейка верхнего и нижнего слоев не допускается. 

Что еще нужно знать о плоских кровлях

Плоские наплавляемые кровли из рулонных материалов могут быть удобны, экономичны и надежны, как с точки зрения выполнения ремонтных работ, так и с точки зрения эксплуатации здания. Правильно утепленные и изолированные кровли помогут экономить на отоплении и электричестве серьезные суммы, в перспективе вполне сопоставимые со стоимостью самого капитального ремонта. 

Однако, сотрудникам обслуживающих организаций важно понимать, что именно делают подрядчики, как они это делают и из каких материалов. Мы начали с устройства плоской кровли, другие нюансы ремонта мягких наплавляемых кровель МКД мы рассмотрим в следующих рассылках. 

---

Ремонт мягкой кровли в Екатеринбурге и Свердловской области:

+7 (343) 268-30-61

что входит в технический документ крыши

Для нормального проживания в многоэтажном доме нужно регулярно проверять состояние крыши.

Кровля относится к общедомовому имуществу, и контролировать ее состояние должны собственники квартир, управляющие компании.

Законодательство

Правила ремонта, содержания крыш можно найти в следующих документах:

1. Жилищный кодекс № 188-ФЗ от 29.12.2004 г. в разделе 9 содержит положения, касающиеся обслуживания общедомового имущества, оплаты работы подрядчиков.
2. «Технический регламент безопасности жилых зданий» № 384-ФЗ от 30.12.2009 г. требует обеспечивать защиту строений от намокания, подбор качественных материалов для кровли.
3. Постановление правительства № 290 от 03.04.2013 г. перечисляет услуги, которые обязаны предоставлять УК по содержанию общего имущества дома. В п. 7 документа сказано, что компании обязаны проводить регулярные осмотры крыш, чтобы выявить протечки и незамедлительно их устранить. Также они в их ведении находятся восстановительные работы.
4. Приказ Минрегионразвития № 784 от 27.12.2010 г. утверждает нормативы к укладке кровельного покрытия СП 17.13330.2011.

При выборе вида крыши, материалов, строители пользуются СНиП II-26-76, описывающими технологию создания кровли. Его современная версия включена в названный приказ.

Бесплатная ГОРЯЧАЯ ЛИНИЯ:

Мск +7 (499) 938 5119

Спб +7 (812) 467 3091

Фед +8 (800) 350 8363

Технический регламент

Документ требует обеспечивать безопасность возводимых зданий. В проектах на строящийся дом должны учитываться противопожарные правила, технические решения, призванные предотвратить отсыревание помещений.

При выборе типа крыши необходимо устройство водоотводов. Применяемые материалы должны быть устойчивыми к негативным атмосферным воздействиям, водонепроницаемыми.

Не допускается образование конденсата на чердаках, конструкциях здания. Крыши не должны пропускать осадки в квартиры.

Когда ремонт необходим

Во всех случаях, когда в квартире на последнем этаже появляется излишняя влажность, на потолке, стенах развивается грибок, нужно задуматься о ремонте крыши МКД. Протечки могут возникать:

• во время дождя, таяния снега;
• без видимой причины – когда нарушается гидроизоляционный слой, жидкость накапливается, затем стекает вниз.

Выявить разрушение крыши поможет осмотр. Его позволено проводить жильцам дома, работникам управляющей компании. В этом случае нужно обратить внимание на:

1. Повреждение стропил грибком, насекомыми, природными воздействиями, например отслоение металлических листов из-за ветра.
2. Температуру на чердаке.
3. Влажность бетонных перекрытий, деревянных элементов конструкции.
4. Состояние покрытия – обветшание, появление отверстий недопустимы.
5. Гидроизоляцию. Листы кровельного материала должны плотно прилегать к выходам на крышу, антеннам, воздуховодам, зафиксированы между собой.

Восстанавливать кровлю должны УК, ТСЖ. При больших повреждениях потребуется капитальный ремонт. Протечки обслуживающие организации обязаны устранять за сутки после выявления.

Важно: принимать решения о проведении капитального ремонта крыши могут жильцы дома на общем собрании.

Кто должен чинить

Чинить крышу должны подрядные организации, работники УК, с которыми заключен договор на обслуживание дома.

Как обратиться

О протечках хозяин квартиры сообщает в УК. Сделать это можно по телефону или написав претензию. Когда требуется капремонт, придется созывать общее собрание жильцов.

В этом случае пригласить соседей могут жители поврежденной квартиры, представители УК, ТСЖ. Перед собственниками помещений поднимается вопрос о необходимости капремонта, его оплаты.

Решения собрания оформляются протоколом. Голосование проводится среди присутствующих людей. Те, кто не явился, могут ответить письменно, передав бумаги в управляющую компанию инициатору вопроса. Главное – набрать больше 51% голосов, согласных на проведение ремонта.

Также необходимо собрать документы:

1. Акты о выявленных повреждениях крыши.
2. Результаты экспертиз, если они проводились.
3. Протокол общего собрания с принятым решением.
4. Расчеты, сметы, ведомости, подтверждающие стоимость восстановления кровли.
5. Заявление о проведении ремонта. Пишется на имя директора оператора ремонта. В нем должны содержаться сведения о дате последнего восстановления покрытия, необходимости замены. Нужно знать, входит ли дом в региональную программу. Информацию можно найти на официальном сайте администрации.

Если входит, то программа может оказать действенную помощь и переложить 95% расходов на плечи государства.

Жильцам нужно погасить долги за текущий ремонт и решить, сколько денег понадобится на восстановление, кто его будет оплачивать. Для этого составляется дефектная ведомость работ, техническое задание, заключается предварительный договор на выполнение ремонта, пишется заявление.

Передаются бумаги в обслуживающую организацию, администрацию. Законом разрешается оформлять кредиты на проведение восстановительных работ. Часть займа может погашаться за счет денег, накопленных оператором капитального ремонта.

Как заставить по закону

Жилищный кодекс однозначно говорит о том, что крыши относятся к общему имуществу дома. Согласно статье 154, его ремонт ведется за счет собственников помещений. Чем большей площадью обладает человек, тем крупнее будет его взнос. С 2012 года все владельцы квартир обязаны регулярно вносить платежи за капитальный ремонт.

Люди, проживающие в социальных квартирах, не оплачивают работы. За них это делает муниципалитет.

Жильцы могут собирать деньги на счете дома или регионального оператора. Предусмотрен их минимальный размер. Власти городов, поселков принимают программы, в которых устанавливается очередность проведения восстановительных работ. Воспользоваться накоплениями можно с учетом решения администрации. Для этого пишется заявление оператору, который заключит договор с подрядчиком на проведение работ, подготовит сметы.

Чтобы не ждать плановых мероприятий, жители могут собирать деньги на конкретные цели самостоятельно, нанимать подрядчиков. В этом случае придется оплатить услуги проектировщиков, составление смет.

Если управляющие компании, оператор не выполняют свои обязанности по обслуживанию дома, их действия можно обжаловать в надзорных органах: Роспотребнадзоре, прокуратуре, суде.

Передвинуть запланированные сроки могут только органы власти, принимавшие решение об этом. Потребуется коллективное обращение. Оно составляется в произвольной форме от жителей дома. В нем должно быть описание проблемы, сведения, убеждающие в срочности работ. Необходимы подтверждения в виде смет, заключений экспертов, жилинспекции о том, что состояние кровли угрожает здоровью людей.

Отказ администрации придется обжаловать в судебном порядке. Часто заставить коммунальщиков выполнять обязанности может только суд.

Кто оплачивает

Закон однозначно говорит о том, что капремонт оплачивается собственниками помещений многоквартирного дома. За жителей муниципальных квартир рассчитывается администрация.

Деньги собираются в фонд, который контролирует их расходование.

Важно: оплачивают капремонт собственники жилых помещений, регулярно сдавая взносы в фонд.

Возможна ли государственная помощь

Региональные программы предполагают помощь населению. Государство предоставляет субсидии. Чтобы воспользоваться ими, во многих случаях нужно провести общее собрание и накопить не менее 5% от стоимости восстановительных работ.

Документы предоставляются в администрации городов, районов.

Возможно ли самостоятельно отремонтировать

Законодатель не запрещает собственникам квартир самостоятельно отремонтировать кровлю. Компенсировать расходы можно будет за счет накопленных оператором капремонта средств. Для этого понадобится написать заявление с просьбой вернуть деньги, составляется оно от имени жильцов дома. Для принятия коллективного решения понадобится общее собрание.

Такие ситуации возможны, когда нет времени дожидаться ремонтных сроков, предусмотренных региональной программой и требуется срочная замена кровли. Люди могут передать деньги или получить кредит. Собрание должно определить, кто будет распоряжаться банковскими счетами, отвечать за их расходование, составлять документы, передавать сведения в администрацию.

Помимо заявления, нужно будет предоставить:

• проект восстановительного ремонта;
• сметы;
• чеки, квитанции, ведомости, подтверждающие покупку стройматериалов;
• акт приема выполненных работ.

Региональный оператор проверяет представленные документы, расценки. Если они укладываются в обозначенные законом пределы, производятся выплаты.

Если владельцы жилья договариваются собирать деньги на капитальный ремонт сверх сумм, установленных законом, взносы в фонд не производятся. Документально оформленное решение об этом передается оператору.

Что входит в капремонт крыши

Сюда относится:

1. Снятие старого кровельного покрытия.
2. Ремонт, замена основы (конструкции). Она может быть деревянной, металлической.
3. Обработка, пропитка элементов кровли для защиты от вредителей, гниения, горения.
4. Восстановление теплоизоляционных свойств.
5. Укладка нового покрытия, иногда – покраска.

Возможны замена, усиление несущих конструкций. Объем работ устанавливается специалистами. Он зависит от старости покрытия, его вида, конструкции кровли.

В любом случае должны быть предусмотрены водостоки, системы, предотвращающие попадание влаги внутрь дома.

Мягкие

В строительстве часто используются недорогие материалы, например: толь, рубероид, мягкая черепица, которые относятся к мягким покрытиям. Они служат несколько лет, но под воздействием нагрева, охлаждения, ветров приходят в негодность. Ремонтировать их требуется примерно раз в 2-3 года. Обращать внимание при таком виде крыши нужно на герметичность швов между листами, мест соприкосновения со входами, антеннами, воздуховодами.

Твердые

Также требуют контроля за их состоянием. Например: часто расходятся швы покрытий, стальные листы ржавеют. Подвергаются природным воздействиям и другие виды материалов.

Плоские

Покрытие настилается на бетонную, деревянную основу поверх изоляционных материалов. Для этого типа крыш важно плотное прилегание листов битума. Под образовавшиеся пузыри может попадать влага.

Скатные

Крепятся к каркасу – металлическому или деревянному. Часто используются битумные, асбестовые черепицы. По окончании срока эксплуатации они требуют полной замены. Деревянные конструкции обрабатываются против насекомых, плесени, пропитываются жидкостями, исключающими горение. Дефектные элементы заменяются. По краю кровли устанавливаются ограждения, водосливы.

Важно: государство, региональные власти каждый год принимают программы ремонта, в которых оговариваются льготные условия, субсидии.

Заключение

Во время эксплуатации каждый многоквартирный дом подлежит ремонту. Проводить и оплачивать его должны собственники жилых помещений. В некоторых случаях государство помогает населению, возмещая часть расходов.

Полезное видео

Комментарий председателя народного движения:

90000 A Guide for Residents in Multi-Storey Flats 90001 90002 90003 Transcription 90004 90005 1 A Guide for Residents in Multi-Storey Flats 90006 90007 90005 2 Contents Introduction 1 Moving checklist 2 Living in flats 3 Fire safety 9 Complaints 14 90006 90010 90005 3 Introduction This booklet has been produced by the Housing Executive to provide guidelines for residents living in multi-storey flats.Every attempt has been made to include as much information and advice as possible but if you need more specific advice please contact your local district office, refer to your Tenants Handbook or our website Your local Residents Association may also be able to help. 1 90006 90013 90005 4 Moving in checklist Do not forget to change your address with: The Social Security Agency (JSA, Incapacity Benefit, Retirement Pension, DLA etc) Your Employer Northern Ireland Electricity British Telecom Banks / Building Societies Your Doctor / Dentist / Hospital Insurance Companies Catalogue Companies TV Rental Company / TV Licensing Authority DVLO (Driver and Vehicle Licensing Office) And have your post redirected by the Post Office 2 90006 90016 90005 5 Living in Flats When you become a resident of your multi-storey flat, you become responsible for ensuring that your actions do not disrupt the quiet enjoyment or peace of other residents.This section provides guidelines and advice about living in multistorey flats. Caretaker Service Where a multi-storey block has a caretaker service, the following tasks will be carried out on behalf of residents; Keeping clean the main communal areas of the block. Reporting repairs when they are needed to the communal areas. Dealing with emergencies. Cleaning of Communal Areas Responsibility for cleaning communal areas varies; Your caretaker is responsible for cleaning all areas except communal landings and chute room landings.Residents are responsible for keeping their own landing in clean order. The residents on your floor may have a cleaning rota which you are encouraged to participate in. Please keep staircases and other areas clean and tidy and dispose of litter properly. 3 90006 90019 90005 6 Concierge Service and Security In some multi-storey blocks the Housing Executive operates a 24-hour concierge service for residents.The duties carried out by concierge staff are similar to those of caretakers, as listed previously, but will also include: Providing a comprehensive reception service. Carrying out regular security patrols. Operating CCTV and managing access to blocks. Depending on local arrangements, blocks, and perhaps their surrounding areas, are totally enclosed, and a concierge control station is located at the centre of the site to act as a reception area to the flats. A door entry system is provided in each flat, linked to the concierge centre, and access for visitors to the flats is only granted by either residents or the concierge staff.Depending on the security system in operation, residents will have direct access to and from their homes either by way of a key fob or a personal key. The District Office will advise of the system used in each block. To maintain security you should: Make sure that the entrance door is locked behind you. Only allow access if you are certain the visitor is genuine. Never leave the entrance or back door propped open. 4 90006 90022 90005 7 If you notice any faults with your door entry system, contact your Customer Service Unit by telephoning We will repair broken door entry systems within 4 working days.Lifts Smoking is not permitted in the lifts or communal areas. If your lift is not working properly, or if you hear the alarm ringing, you should report it to your caretaker, concierge staff, Customer Service Unit or Lift Provider. Where a concierge service is not provided and someone is trapped inside and there is no one available you should ring the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service or the Housing Executive’s Emergency Services: We will repair broken lifts within 24-hours during weekdays.At weekends, if one lift is still working, the second lift will not be repaired until the following Monday. Noise and Nuisance Living in a flat means that you are in close proximity to your neighbours. Noise can penetrate easily between floors and walls — especially at night. Residents are expected to exercise respect and tolerance towards their neighbours and keep noise from music systems, radios, televisions, and any other audible appliances, at reasonable levels — especially at night. Please refrain from shouting and slamming doors — especially at night.5 90006 90025 90005 8 If you are a tenant, you will have signed an agreement that you will not cause nuisance or annoyance and that you will be responsible for the behaviour of your guests and visitors. If you are a leaseholder, there will be a similar clause in your lease. Your neighbours, whether tenants or lease holders, will be subject to the same condition. If your neighbours are causing difficulties, talking to them may well resolve the matter.If you do not wish to talk to your neighbours about the problem or you can t resolve it, contact your local District Office and the Housing Executive will speak to your neighbour on your behalf. If the problem persists, we may ask some one else, who is independent, to talk to you and your neighbour. We will try all reasonable means to help resolve your dispute with your neighbour. If that does not work, we may have to use legal remedies. Pets The keeping of most pets in high rise flats is strictly prohibited.You can not keep any pets unless your District Manager has given you written permission. Refuse Disposal Refuse chutes are provided to make life more convenient for you. You should make sure that refuse chutes, and surrounding areas, are left / kept in a clean and tidy state. In order to keep the environment clean, you should wrap wet or damp waste before putting it down the chute and, where possible, residents should only use the refuse chutes at reasonable hours to minimise noise problems. 6 90006 90028 90005 9 If you have an old, or unwanted, item of furniture, or any bulky article that is too big to go into the chute, eg carpets, timber you should contact your local District / Borough Council, who may operate a free collection of certain items.You must never allow anything to be dropped or thrown from windows. Parking and Garages (only applicable where these facilities are available) At some multi-storey blocks car parking is provided, or the Housing Executive has garages to let nearby. Parking motorcycles inside the blocks is strictly forbidden. Where appropriate, please keep the car park clean and tidy, and dispose of rubbish properly. If available, and you would like to rent a garage, you should contact your local District Office for details.There is usually a waiting list for garages. In all circumstances parking outside the communal front door and rear fire exit is prohibited, as this may cause problems for emergency services or refuse collection. TV Aerials and Satellite Dishes Each multi-storey block has a communal TV aerial installed. Should you find any faults, please report them to your local Customer Service Unit, but first check that the fault is not with your television set. Mounting satellite dishes onto the structure of the multi-storey block is prohibited.7 90006 90031 90005 10 Window Cleaning Your flat is fitted with hinged windows, designed to allow both surfaces to be cleaned from the inside. To do this, unlock the window handle, open the frame towards you, and clean from inside your flat. Close the window and lock the frame. Please refrain from drying clothes out of the window. Insurance The Housing Executive is responsible for the structure of your home.However, living in close proximity to your neighbours can mean that at any time, through no fault of your own, clothing and personal effects could be damaged by fire, flood or burst pipes. Minor accidents, such as accidental breakages, can also happen. If you are not properly insured you will almost certainly have to pay the cost of replacing your household goods and possessions. We would strongly recommend that you arrange for insurance of the contents of your home so that you will be protected against accidental damage, loss, or theft.You can arrange contents insurance through your Bank, Building Society, or Insurance Agent. Alternatively, ask your local District Office for the Supporting Communities NI (SCNI) leaflet on Home Insurance. 8 90006 90034 90005 11 Fire Safety These guidelines have been developed in conjunction with the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service (NIFRS). Residents should keep this leaflet in a suitable place where it can quickly be referred to for guidance in the event of an outbreak of fire.General Evacuation Policy The decision to initiate a full evacuation will be made by the NIFRS when they attend the incident and assess the seriousness of the fire. Fire Safety Generally If there is a fire in your flat the flames and the smoke will be kept in the space where the fire starts for some time — as long as the doors are kept closed. On every floor of your high rise block there is a rising main outlet. This means that, in the event of a fire, there is a supply of water near every flat, so that the NIFRS can act quickly and easily to prevent the fire spreading any further.Dry Riser Mains The rising mains are in well ventilated spaces to help firemen to do their job and help people to safety. Under no circumstances should these dry risers be tampered with or damaged. These mains are inspected by the NIFRS. Damage could potentially put lives at risk. 9 90006 90037 90005 12 How to Prevent Fires Don t leave children alone If there are young children in the dwelling, even if only for a visit, do not leave them on their own where heaters or cookers are being used.Keep matches out of reach. Don t smoke in bed It is one of the most common causes of fire in the home. Always finish your last pipe or cigarette before you go into the bedroom and make sure that you put it out properly. Bedtime checks Switch off and unplug all electrical goods that do not need to be left on. Check ashtrays for burning cigarettes or pipes, and close windows and internal doors to prevent the spread of fire. Chip pans We recommend you use deep fat fryers but, if you have a chip pan, do not fill it more than one third full of fat and do not leave it without turning off the heat.If a chip pan catches fire, turn off the heat and cover the pan with a damp cloth or lid to smother the flames, and leave for half an hour. Do not try to move the pan or put the flame out with water, as you may be seriously injured. Polystyrene Tiles Do not use expanded polystyrene tiles — especially in the kitchen — as they are easy to ignite. Liquid Petroleum Gas The Housing Executive forbids residents to use or store liquid petroleum gas (Calor gas) in multi-storey flats. A gas explosion in a block of flats could cause a lot of harm to people and property.Paraffin Heaters The use of paraffin heaters is also forbidden. They are a fire risk and cause condensation. 10 90006 90040 90005 13 Flammable substances are forbidden in multi-storey blocks. Clothes and Decoration Do not air clothes around or over convector heaters or cookers. Do not hang decorations around light fittings. Communal Areas Communal areas such as lifts, lobbies, corridors and staircases must not be obstructed with rubbish or cast-out furniture and belongings because: If there is a fire, the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service might be stopped from doing its job properly and residents might not be able to leave easily.These items are easy to set alight, to start fires in blocks of flats and may block your means of escape. If you see any damaged fire equipment or anybody tampering with it, make sure you inform the caretaker, concierge or District Office. Things To Remember Don t prop open, or block self-closing doors, or remove your internal fire doors or external fire door. Fire doors prevent smoke spreading. A closed smoke door could save your life or somebody else s. If you have a relative or neighbour who is ill, confused, or forgetful, try to make sure they are not doing anything that might cause a fire.Close your kitchen or living room doors every night when going to bed and also when you are going out. In the event of a fire this will prevent it spreading. Don t block or cover ventilators. 11 90006 90043 90005 14 What To Do If A Fire Breaks Out In your own flat If there is a fire in your flat, the flames and the smoke will be kept in the space where the fire starts for some time, as long as the doors are kept closed .Call the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service on the nearest telephone. Dial 999 (this service is free). Don t try to put the fire out yourself, unless you are sure it is safe. Leave the room at once and close the door. Alert everyone else in the flat that there is a fire. Leave the flat and when you are sure it is empty, close the front door. Don t use balconies that are not part of an escape route. Don t go back into the flat for any reason. If you have to leave the building: — Use the stairs.- DO NOT use the lifts. In another flat next door or immediately below Follow the above advice. 12 90006 90046 90005 15 In another flat further away If you consider it safe to stay in your flat close all windows and doors. If you have to leave the building, the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service (NIFRS) will advise and assist you. Close all the doors and windows. Use bedding etc.to close any gaps. Go to the window, make sure people know you are there and wait for the NIFRS. If the room becomes smoky, stay low. It is easier to breathe. Think about making your escape to a place of safety. If you have to leave the building: — Use the stairs. — DO NOT use the lifts. Smoke / Heat Alarms If you are a tenant your flat has Housing Executive installed smoke / heat alarms. If they are not working properly, report it immediately to your local District Office. It is recommended that all non Housing Executive residents should have a smoke alarm installed.In accordance with the NIFRS advice, make sure to test your smoke alarms every week by pressing the test button. Note: The NIFRS will provide advice on fire safety in the home, free of charge. 13 90006 90049 90005 16 Complaints If you are not happy with the service you receive, you can complain. You can do this by completing a complaint form or by putting your complaint in writing to the District Manager, who will look at your case and contact you regarding it.The District Manager will investigate your complaint. Your complaint will be acknowledged within 3 working days and, where possible, a full written report will be posted to you within 15 working days of receiving your complaint. It may be necessary to contact you for more details or to invite you for an interview. The Area Complaints Officer can also be contacted to informally discuss your complaint on: What happens next? If you are unhappy with the outcome of the District Manager’s investigation you may then appeal to the Chief Executive, who will investigate and reply to you within the same time scale as the previous stage.14 90006 90052 90005 17 The Ombudsman If after taking all these steps with the Housing Executive, you are still not satisfied, you can contact the Ombudsman. The Ombudsman is totally independent from the Housing Executive and can be contacted at: The Ombudsman, Freepost, Belfast BT1 6BR Freephone: 90006 90055 90005 18 This booklet is available in alternative formats.Please contact your local district office. March HR106 / 08/05 90006 90058 .90000 Types of flat roofs and the repair guidelines 90001 90002 A number of homes and buildings opt for flat roofing structures, to give a subtle look. Although flat roofing appears quite promising, they may require a humongous deal of close check. Often flat roof repair companies offer a periodic check on breakdowns, splits which will keep your shelter in a good shape. 90003 Often, we fall for the versatility of the flat roof designs. But, even a minor crack can create a big havoc in the structure.Also, if it appears in the front, it may raise a question about your reputation. In this scenario, a commercial flat roof repair can save you the deal. 90003 As an introduction, flat roofs are not actually flat, and have a minor roof pitch inconsistent gaps. Usually, these gaps are formed from ¼ «to ½» for every foot. A slight slope will give a nice drainage to the water, but if not maintained well, it can be a big problem. 90005 90006 Read also: Top 8 construction trends 90007 90002 Here, the good thing is, it has various material options which will take you away from the traditional flat roofing system.This also enhances the reliability of the top roof. 90003 If we look at the various types, flat roofs can be hugely categorized as: 90005 90006 Single Layer Membrane 90007 90002 This type of roofing is the preferable shielding technology. Most of these are preferred from commercial construction type. Professionals call it as «Elastomeric». 90003 These roofs have certain varieties: 90005 90016 90017 Neoprene 90018 90017 EPDM 90018 90017 Chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene sheets 90018 90017 PVC 90018 90017 Polymer-modified 90018 90027 90002 Amidst all of these types, EPDM (synthetic rubber), is the most preferable.This is widely used in residential and commercial utilization. So, if nothing, you can always suggest the contractor put EPDM roof shield. 90003 Conventionally and technically, these membrane roofs are deployed in various ways. EPDM roof types are tied via welding or through stickiness. 90005 90006 Modified Bitumen Roof 90007 90002 This was the outcome of a strategized replacement technology for BUR. During the era of the 1960s, this was formulated to add a polymer roof layer with the BUR sheets.As per the needs of the project, this flat roof types can be deployed. A number of installation methods include: 90005 90016 90017 Torch Applied Technique 90018 90017 Cold Applied Technique 90018 90017 Self-Adhered Technique 90018 90017 Hot Applied Technique 90018 90027 90002 This is known for providing an enhanced elasticity to the roof even in the low temperatures. Polymers are the polypropylene which provides features like rubber roof. 90005 90006 90048 90048 90007 90006 Built Up Roofing 90007 90002 BUR or Built-up Roofs which solved the house shielding problems for a very long time.Built up roofs are deployed with various different layers. In this type of roof, bitumen is used with a smoldering hot mop. 90003 The application of hot tar mingles with bitumen and makes an appearance of the monolithic roof membrane. The roof asphalt layer overlaps till the application builds a thickness. A top surface which is made from stone particles is applied on the top layer. This protects the roof from UV rays. 90003 Some general repairs with these flat roofs can be attained with a little extra dedication.If you have a fear of height, than various flat roof professionals may help you. The best part is, it takes the least time possible. 90003 If you want to do it on your own, 90057 here are the steps 90058: 90003 The very first step is to get to know about the roof type. 90005 90016 90017 After this, be ready to make a nice clean off the surface. The foremost part is removing the deposited gravel. This is done to make the water flow easier. After this, remove all the dust and dirt to give a nice repair.90018 90017 After the surface is thoroughly cleaned, you can anytime move on to applying the primer. By doing this, you will give a long-term performance leverage to the patch. 90018 90027 90002 During the winter and snowy weather, the roof layers are saturated. In this case, you should use flame-spreader nozzle. 90005 90016 90017 After the primer gets completely dried, go on for the application of the patch. The patch should be installed with asphalt-impregnated cotton fabric. After applying the 4-inch fabric shied, you can proceed with 6 inches layer.90018 90017 With the help of trowel, you can fill the roof surface with the cement. This should be deployed in a uniformed manner to cover the complete patch area. 90018 90027 90002 So, here you are done with the patching and cementing work. After the drying-up of layers, slather on a finishing layer of asphalt mastic. 90005 90006 Can you ever make your flat roof Leakage-proof? 90007 90002 Flat roof leak may come as a shock to you. Your investment may go in vain if you do not take the necessary precautions into account.So, if you have a roof over your head which can save you from stormy and rainy nights, then it should free from leakage. Also, if you are dealing with a flat roof, it can be a more prominent factor. Your flat roof will be prompt in showing a leakage as water gets quickly into the breakage. So, before you go for a flat roof repair blindly, you must check on the causes of roof leakage. So, why not understand the problem before resolving it? 90005 90006 Check out also: Top 50 construction universities in the world 90007 90006 Causes of flat roof leakages: 90007 90002 Some key factors which affect the flat roof leakage are: 90005 90016 90017 Being surrounded by a severe environment.This can cause cracks and breakage in the roof. 90018 90017 Water collection which leads to standing water. This weakens the roof surface and makes it less durable. 90018 90017 Outdated roof installation and insulation technique can cause lesser longevity. In this condition, extreme weather conditions and temperatures can make your roof tear. 90018 90027 90002 You can always fix the problem, but that will cause another maintenance charge to your budget. 90003 If the condition is too severe, some replacement options are: 90005 90016 90017 Metal roof installation 90018 90017 Built-up Roof or BUR 90018 90017 Coating with Spray 90018 90017 Bitumen application 90018 90027 90002 Just by understanding the intensity of the situation, you can make a lasting and budget-friendly decision.You will know when your roof is simply worn out and replaceable. 90005.90000 Flat Roof Repair: Causes of Leaks, Repair Costs & DIY Fixes 90001 90002 Is your flat roof leaking again? If your roof is relatively new, repairing any leaks or damages should be your first go-to solution. 90003 90002 An average flat roof repair costs around 90005 $ 400-600 90006, which is significantly cheaper than the cost of full replacement. 90003 90002 Moreover, having a pro repair your flat roof can easily extend its service life by at least 3-5 years. However, in some cases, trying to fix a leaking roof membrane might be a futile effort and a complete waste of money.90003 90002 Often leaks, water damage and other issues may be the result of faulty installation, poor maintenance, or old age of the roof itself. 90003 90002 We will go through the common flat roof problems and signs that warrant repair vs replacement, so you can figure out the most cost-effective and lasting solution for your roof. 90003 90014 90015 Average Flat Roof Cost: 90003 90017 90018 90019 90002 Low End 90003 90002 $ 6815 90003 90024 90019 90002 Mid Range 90003 90002 $ 8769 90003 90024 90019 90002 High End 90003 90002 $ 11211 90003 90024 90037 90018 90039 90002 See Costs in Your Area! Start Here — Enter Your Zip Code 90003 90024 90037 90044 90002 In this guide: 90003 90002 Common problems with flat roofs 90014 When to repair a flat roof? 90014 Cost to fix a roof leak 90014 DIY repair 90014 How to find a leak in your roof 90014 When is replacement necessary? 90014 How often should you replace your roof? 90014 Getting an inspection 90014 Maintenance 90003 90057 Common flat roofing problems 90058 90002 Flat roofs have inherent design and installation peculiarities that often lead to performance issues and a shorter life span.Here are the top three: 90003 90061 Leaks 90062 90002 90003 90002 A leak is the most frequent and common issue on any type of a flat roof. It usually happens as a result of ponding water that puddles for more than 48 hours, after the most recent rain. 90003 90002 Typically, water penetrates at the seams or flashings. It may also come from drains, chimneys, skylights, parapets and other penetrations. It is very rare to have a leak due to a puncture. 90003 90002 If water gets under the membrane, into the sheathing, mold and rot can occur.This is especially likely in areas with high moisture and frequent rain storms. 90003 90061 Material shrinkage 90062 90002 90003 90002 One of the most common issues for EPDM membranes is shrinkage. When rubber shrinks, it can pull off parapet walls, drip edge or a chimney. 90003 90002 This is more likely to occur on a large building, and on one where the membrane has not been properly attached. 90003 90061 Damage due to foot traffic 90062 90002 90003 90002 Another problem, especially for flat roof decks and commercial properties is heavy foot traffic.Maintenance personnel (mainly HVAC contractors) and other random visitors going out on the roof, dropping tools, walking over fasteners, etc. All these actions can accidentally puncture the membrane and causing other damages that need to be repaired. 90003 90057 When to repair your flat roof? 90058 90002 If your roof has been properly installed and maintained on a regular basis, and it started to leak, repairing it is best. 90003 90002 However, if the roof is old, has sustained major damages to due a natural disaster, or continues to leak despite the fact that repairs have already been done, replacement may be warranted.90003 90002 If your roof is relatively new, look at your warranty paperwork. You may be able to have your roof repaired for free or at a discounted rate, depending on warranty terms. Most flat roofing materials carry a warranty of 10-15 years. 90003 90002 There are a couple of repair options to consider: 90003 90002 90005 1) 90006 If you have EPDM rubber and do not mind getting your hands dirty, you can purchase a DIY repair kit. It comes with an adhesive and tape for making localized repairs.This is also a quick and inexpensive option, if you are not planning to keep the property for more than a year or two. 90003 90002 90005 2) 90006 If you do not want to get yourself into an endless cycle of repairs every few months, get an EXPERT contractor to do the job. You may pay a few hundred dollars more, but you will save yourself thousands of dollars, as well as avoid stress associated with recurring problems in the long run. 90003 90002 90005 3) 90006 If you have modified bitumen, you will most likely need a pro, as it requires torching to repair.90003 90002 90005 4) 90006 If you have a leaky tar and gravel roof, finding the source of the problem is very difficult. Even the most skilled pro will have a repair success rate of less than 50%. Consequently, it will most likely need to be replaced. 90003 90002 90005 5) 90006 If you have a single-ply membrane, stay away from roof coatings. They are: 90003 90002 90005 a. Expensive 90006 90003 90002 90005 b. Only last 2-3 years. 90006 Afterwords, the coating starts to peel, chip and crack.If your roof still leaks, it becomes virtually non-repairable. 90003 90014 90057 Cost of repairs 90058 90002 The average cost of professional repair for a leak is 90005 $ 350-600 90006. It entails things like: 90003 90130 90002 — Patching a few small sources of leakage 90014 — Patching a couple of puncture holes 90014 — Fixing a chimney, skylight, or pipe flashing 90003 90135 90002 Bigger jobs can run significantly more, and will depend on the scope and complexity of the work. Typically, contractors charge 90005 $ 75-100 per hour 90006, plus materials.90003 90057 How to fix a leaking roof by yourself 90058 90002 If you are handy, doing a DIY roof repair will save you about 50%, compared to hiring a pro. 90003 90002 An EPDM rubber roof is the easiest and cheapest to repair on your own. You will spend 90145 $ 200-300 90146 on materials, if you buy a roofing kit, like this: 90003 90002 90003 90002 As you can see, this kit is made specifically for fixing a roof leak yourself, and has just the right amount of all required materials.90003 90002 Otherwise, you would need to go to a supplier and get very large quantities, that will cost you at least 3 times more. This is because single ply membrane parts and accessories are only sold in commercial size quantities, needed for contractors. For example, you would have to purchase 100 ft of flashing, 1 gallon of primer, 1 gallon of cleaner. 90003 90002 Its not really possible to DIY a TPO or PVC repair because, both of these require heat — welding equipment. Moreover, you will only be able to get large amounts of other necessary materials, as there are no DIY kits for homeowners.90003 90057 Locating the source of a leak 90058 90002 Before you can start the actual repair, the most important step is to find the source or multiples sources of leaks on your flat roof. 90003 90002 90145 Pro Tip: 90146 did you know that if you have water damage on your ceiling, the actual source of leak may NOT be directly above it on the roof membrane? This is because the water that seeps in through the exterior membrane can travel as much as a few feet until it penetrates a weak spot in the sheathing and leaks inside.90003 90002 This means that discovering the real source of the leak may be a bit tricky and will require some careful examination of the roof. 90003 90002 Here are a few tips: 90003 90002 1. First look for the most obvious points of water penetration. Examine the roof for any holes, punctures, popping screws, rips or tears, visibly worn out areas, raised or separated seams, etc. Once you discover any of these, you will know that is where you will need to patch up the membrane. 90003 90002 2.If you do not see any obvious damage on the membrane itself, look at flashings and caulkings around your vents and other exterior roof structures. Often, leaks are located in these areas, because the original installer did not do a good enough job caulking all the penetrations. 90003 90002 3. In case you can not locate the source of the leak on the roof itself, but have water spots on your ceiling, measure the distance from this spot to the nearest walls. Go back to the roof, and use those measurements to narrow your search area.90003 90002 4. If your roof is leaking and you can not find the source, contact a roofer to do an inspection and repair the roof. 90003 90014 90057 How to patch a flat roof 90058 90002 Once you pin point all areas where your roof is leaks, its time to patch them up. 90003 90002 Small holes are the easiest and fastest to fix up. You can simply applying a rubber sealing directly to the puncture. Another option is to apply a peel and stick flashing patch to the area (be sure to follow the instructions).90003 90002 If you discover blisters on your membrane, these will be a lot more challenging to repair. First, use a utility knife to cut through the blister. Use towels to dry the wet area under it (you can also use a propane torch). Once the area is completely dry, apply a peel and stick patch. 90003 90002 When it comes to blisters, one of the biggest mistakes DIYers can make is cutting too deep into the membrane when trying to cut through the bubble. If you are not sure how to do this correctly, its best to call a pro.90003 90002 Last but not least, your roofing membrane can have a few big rips or tears. These can also be repaired using a peel and stick patch. However, this will require a lot more experience and skill. First, you need to remove all the damaged material. 90003 90002 Be sure to prepare a completely clean and dry surface before applying any new patches. There are various sizes of EPDM rubber rolls that range from 3 to 50 inches, so you can get one most appropriate for your needs. 90003 90002 As mentioned earlier, all other types of flat roofs, such as modified bitumen, tar and gravel, PVC and TPO are a lot more challenging to repair, require special tools and expert knowledge.90003 90057 When is roof replacement necessary? 90058 90002 Flat roof replacement is a costly and time consuming option, and it should really be your last resort. Just because your roof has had a few leaks does not mean it its time for it to go. 90003 90002 There are really only two scenarios that warrant a new install: 90003 90061 1.Old age 90062 90002 90003 90002 When the original material has reached the end of its service life, your best bet is to replace it. Depending on the roof you have, local weather conditions, as well as maintenance, this life-cycle may vary, as we have discussed above.90003 90002 Since EPDM has seams that are prone to water infiltration, they will cause a lot of problems in areas with heavy and frequent rain storms. TPO may not live up to their fullest service life in areas with very high heat and drastic temperature fluctuations. 90003 90061 2. Faulty installation 90062 90002 Unfortunately, problems with installation happen all too often. In fact, this is the Number 1 source of all other issues, including leaks. 90003 90002 If you constantly need to fix a relatively new roof, it most likely means that it was incorrectly installed.Some of these can be fixed by a pro, but others can not be. This is why getting a thorough inspection is so critical. 90003 90002 In case installation errors can not be eliminated, the best course of action is replacement. Otherwise, you will just keep dumping money into a product that will never preform the right way. 90003 90002 Keep in mind, that if it turns out that there is wet insulation, it can not dry out on its own and can cause mold issues and structural damages. These are much more expensive to fix than putting on a new roof, or replacing a large section of the original one.90003 90002 If you have enough money, opt for a premium material such as PVC. While it costs more that other single ply options, once you install PVC roofing, you will not have to worry about leaks and other problems again. 90003 90002 PVC has hot air-welded seams that will never come apart, and will remain impervious to moisture. It is also an Energy Star rated, cool material, that will reflect the sun’s heat, and save you hundreds of dollars on energy costs. 90003 90002 You can use our Flat Roof Calculator to quickly estimate the cost of installing a new membrane.90003 90014 90057 How often does a roof need to be replaced? 90058 90002 90003 90002 The answer to this question ultimately depends on what kind of a flat roof you have. Different materials have various life spans. Here is what you can expect: 90003 90002 90005 EPDM Rubber 90006 — contrary to the recent flood of information on line, saying that EPDM lasts 50 years, its simply NOT TRUE! Based on my experience in this field for the past 15 years, rubber is the least durable membrane, that last 10-12 years, at best.This is under perfect conditions. 90003 90002 90005 TPO 90006 — you can get a good 15-20 years out of a quality product. 90003 90002 90005 PVC 90006 — this is the longest lasting single ply membrane, with service life of 25-35 years, or more. 90003 90002 90005 Modified Bitumen 90006 — this is another short lived material, with life expectancy of about 10-15 years. 90003 90002 90005 Rolled Asphalt 90006 — it is almost never installed today, and for good reason. It only lasts 5-7 years.90003 90002 Therefore, depending on what you have and how many years passed since it has been installed, you have a pretty accurate sense of when it will be time to replace it. 90003 90002 Its important to realize that many of these materials fail completely and require replacement long before these projected average life spans. This usually happens as a result of sub-par installation, or if the house is located in a particularly harsh climate. 90003 90057 Do a roof inspection 90058 90002 To determine whether its best to do hire a pro to fix your leaking roof or install a new membrane ask a professional contractor to conduct an inspection.90003 90002 Make sure that you hire a pro because a general contractor or a residential shingles guy will not know all the nitty-gritty details and complexities of flat roof materials. Therefore, he may give you wrong advice that will cost more money and time to fix down the line. 90003 90002 During the inspection, your contractor should conduct a very thoroughly examination, including: 90003 90130 90002 — Seams 90003 90002 — Flashings 90003 90002 — Attachment points 90003 90002 — Check for cracks at joints and corners, around chimneys and ventilation slits.90003 90002 — Assess any damage: deterioration, punctures, aging, leakage, ponding water, etc 90003 90135 90002 It is very important that he does a 90005 test-cut 90006 (cut through the material to see what is under the top layer). Very often, there is mold and rotted sheathing underneath, that is no visible on the surface. 90003 90057 Regular maintenance is key 90058 90002 Whether you have just replaced or repaired your roof, regular maintenance is the key to its longevity. 90003 90002 Even the best, most expensive products will not achieve optimal performance without proper care.It only takes a few easy steps: 90003 90284 90285 As a rule of thumb, do maintenance once a year. You should also do the necessary upkeep on an as needed basis, for example after a major snow / rain / wind storm, freeze / thaw cycles, etc. 90286 90285 Remove loose and embedded debris, such as moss, sticks, etc. 90286 90285 Check seams and flashings for wear and tear. 90286 90285 Clean the drains. 90286 90293 90014 90002 90061 90297 Related 90298 90062 90003 This roofing guide is presented by Leo B.90002 I’ve been a roofer for 15 years, and specialize in Metal Roofing and Flat Roofing. 90003 90002 Have a roofing question or issue? 90145 Ask me any roofing question! 90146 90003 90002 Roofing Contractors — join our free 90145 Local Roofers directory 90146 to get more customers! 90003 90014 .90000 Ultimate Guide to Roofs | Homebuilding 90001 90002 When it comes to the roof, there are variations upon variations which can make it difficult to choose the right option for your project. Follow this guide for all you need to know to make the right roofing choice for your home, whether you are building from scratch, extending or renovating. 90003 90002 This ultimate guide covers structure, design and costs as well as advice for those wanting to DIY or repair an existing roof. 90003 90006 Choosing the Structure 90007 90002 When it comes to the roof, you have a variety of structures to choose from, including traditional, flat, green and curved options.Follow this advice to understand the pros and cons of each structure to help you make the right decision. 90003 90002 When weighing up your options, ask yourself the following questions: 90003 90012 90013 How much do you want to spend? 90014 90013 How complicated a design do you want? 90014 90013 Do you want to be able to use / convert the roof space at some point? 90014 90019 90002 90003 90022 The flat roof on this single-storey home by 90023 90022 Strom Architects 90023 90022 enhances the simple minimalist lines.90023 (Image credit: Martin Gardner c / o Strom Architects) 90006 Getting the Design Right 90007 90002 The roof is one of the key external features of your home and if you get it wrong, the whole project will suffer. This is where 90031 pitch 90032 comes in and it will be dependent on the style of home you are building or renovating. Too steep and not only will the house look bizarre, but you’ll also be paying more in materials for the privilege. 90003 90002 Similarly the lower the pitch, the greater the volume of water collected and discharged on the slope so you’ll need to make sure your chosen covering can cope with the expected volume of water.When it comes to flat structures which are, in fact, not flat, you need to consider a very shallow pitch to allow water to fall away instead of pooling on the roof. 90003 90002 Pitch is also vital if you plan on converting the area created by the roof — too shallow a pitch and you will not be able to make good use of the space. 90003 90002 90031 A balance between overall look and practicality is essential here. 90032 90003 90002 You have further design options when it comes to the roof type: 90003 90012 90013 90031 Monopitch: 90032 Has only one sloping plane.Great for maximising space on one side, perhaps to enhance views 90014 90013 90031 Duopitch: 90032 A pitched roof of two sloping planes which meet at an upper ridge with a gable either end 90014 90013 90031 Hip: 90032 A pitched structure with slopes on all four sides which meet at the corners to form hips; may or may not have a ridge 90014 90013 90031 Mansard: 90032 A hipped or gabled option in which each plane is doubly pitched. Popular on properties in France and the US 90014 90019 90002 90003 90022 The flat roof of this remodelled Bauhaus home has been transformed into a large roof terrace which is perfect for entertaining.90023 (Image credit: Simon Maxwell) 90006 Planning Permission 90007 90002 If you want to build, for example, a new home with a steeply pitched roof that will stand taller than adjacent buildings, it’s likely that you’ll meet objection from the local planning department. Seek pre-application advice from your local authority to get an appraisal of your plans from a local planning officer for your best chance of a successful application. 90003 90002 When it comes to existing dwellings you can make many changes and improvements under your Permitted Development Rights.Adding rooflights, changing the roof covering and adding dormer windows are improvements that do not normally require planning permission and as long as certain limits and conditions are met, you can normally convert you loft under permitted development. 90003 90002 Always check with your Local Planning Authority to clarify whether your proposed work comes under your permitted development allowance. 90003 90006 The Costs 90007 90002 The level of design complexity when it comes to the roof will undoubtedly affect cost.The simpler the shape, the cheaper the price. If you are looking to keep costs down, then choose a roofing system that can be assembled quickly to reduce a labourer’s time on site. 90003 90002 In some instances, it may be more economical to opt for an initially more expensive roof structure if it will allow you to easily (and relatively cheaply) convert the space into something usable down the line. 90003 90002 When it comes to your roof covering, again it will depend on the material you choose.Follow this guide for a cost breakdown. 90003 90006 How to Build a Roof 90007 90002 While relatively few self builders will be hands-on when it comes to this part of the project, it is essential to understand how a roof is made, especially if you are project managing the build and employing your own trades. 90003 90002 90003 90006 Choosing Roof Slates 90007 90002 This is not an easy choice given the variations available, and it is worthwhile asking yourself whether you want your slate to be 90031 locally-sourced 90032, and whether you want a 90031 natural or man-made 90032 tile.There will be different cost and maintenance implications depending on your preference. 90003 90006 Repairs 90007 90002 If you are renovating, you’re likely to come across a number of common problems from defective pointing, missing or broken tiles to sagging slopes. While surveys often identify defects that require urgent attention (to prevent leaking which can cause damage to the structure of the property), the need for complete re-roofing is comparatively rare. 90003 90002 This handy how-to explains how to spot defects, the remedial works required and the cost implications.90003 .